使用 “Have to” 来谈论英语中的义务

你可能已经学过 “have” 用来表示拥有。例如 “I have an iPhone” 或者 “I have a blue car.” 然而，当你加上介词 “to,”，意义就从表示拥有变成表示义务。例如：

I have to go to work at 7 a.m. tomorrow.

在这个短语中，"have to" 意味着 a requirement 或 there is no choice。它可以改写为：

I am required to go to work at 7 a.m. tomorrow.

这种用法语法上正确，但在口语或日常交流中听起来太正式。和朋友或同事说话时，"have to" 更自然、更常用。

我们再来多谈谈 "have to" 的用法，什么时候用，以及如何使用。

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基本结构

当我们用 "have to" 表示义务时，句子结构如下：

subject + have / has / had + to + verb

注意：

“to” 之后的动词总是用原形（例如：I have to go, I had to work, She has to study, They have to leave）。

现在时：

Have to / Has to

我们用 "have to"（或 "has to"）表示现在的事实或经常发生的情况。

例子：

• I have to wake up early on weekdays.

• You have to keep your house clean.

• He has to study for his exam.

• She has to work on Saturday.

• We have to leave soon.

• They have to follow the rules.

变位小贴士：

变位动词时，注意代词。

• I / you / we / they → "have to"

• he / she / it → "has to"

过去时：

Had to

我们用 "had to" 来谈过去的义务。在过去时中，"had to" 对所有代词的形式相同。

例子：

• I had to work late yesterday.

• She had to cancel her trip.

• We had to wait for over an hour.

• They had to take a different bus.

将来时：

Will have to

单独的 "have" 没有将来时形式，所以我们使用 "will" + "have to"。在将来时中，"will have to" 对所有代词的形式相同。

例子：

• I will have to start saving money.

• You will have to practice more.

• He will have to talk to his manager.

• We will have to make a decision soon.

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否定形式：

Don’t have to / Doesn’t have to

“Don’t have to” 的意思是 “没有必要” 或 “可选”。

例子：

• I don’t have to work tomorrow.

• She doesn’t have to come if she’s tired.

• We don’t have to wear uniforms here.

注意：

“You don't have to” 并不等同于 “you must not”。敬请期待下一篇博客文章，了解更多关于 "have to" 与 "must" 的区别。

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用 "have to" 提问

要变成疑问句，我们在句首加 "do", "does" 或 "did"。

例子：

• Do you have to work this weekend?

• Does he have to drive to work every day?

• Did they have to pay extra? (过去时)

变位小贴士：

• I / You / We / They → "do"（现在时）

• He / She / It → "does"（现在时）

• "Did" 用于过去时的所有代词。

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记住 "have to" 的小贴士

"Have to" = 来自生活、工作或规则的责任。

试着问自己这些问题：

• 你有选择吗？如果没有选择，就用 "have to."

• 情况感觉是被要求、被强制或必要的吗？如果是，就用 "have to."

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小测验

选择最佳答案。

1. Yesterday, I ___ work late.

   a) have to

   b) had to

   c) will have to

2. She ___ wake up early on Mondays.

   a) has to

   b) have to

   c) had to

3. We ___ bring food. It was optional.

   a) don’t have to

   b) must not

   c) didn’t have to

4. ___ you have to wear a uniform at your job?

   a) Do

   b) Does

   c) Did

5. Next year, they ___ move to a new office.

   a) had to

   b) have to

   c) will have to

答案

1. b

2. a

3. c

4. a

5. c

原文由 Thomas 用英文撰写。翻译由 AI 提供。