“Have to”を使って英語の義務を話す
- Thomas
- 4 時間前
- 読了時間: 3分
おそらく“have”は所有を表すために使われると学んだでしょう。例えば I have an iPhone や I have a blue car.。しかし、前置詞 “to” を加えると、意味は所有から義務に変わります。例えば:
I have to go to work at 7 a.m. tomorrow.
このフレーズでは、"have to" は 必要である や 選択肢がない という意味です。次のように書き換えることができます:
I am required to go to work at 7 a.m. tomorrow.
これは文法的に正しいですが、カジュアルな会話や日常会話では少し堅すぎます。友達や同僚と話すときは、"have to" の方がずっと自然でよく使われます。
少し詳しく、"have to" をいつ使うか、どのように使うかを見ていきましょう。
基本の構造
義務を表すときの "have to" の構造は次の通りです：
subject + have / has / had + to + verb
重要なお知らせ：
The verb after "to" is always in its base form (e.g. I have to go, I had to work, She has to study, They have to leave).
現在形:
Have to / Has to
現在または普段の事実については、"have to"（または "has to"）を使います。
Examples:
I have to wake up early on weekdays.
You have to keep your house clean.
He has to study for his exam.
She has to work on Saturday.
We have to leave soon.
They have to follow the rules.
活用のコツ：
動詞を活用するときは、主語に注意しましょう。
I / you / we / they → "have to"
he / she / it → "has to"
過去形:
Had to
過去の義務について話すときは "had to" を使います。過去形の "had to" はすべての代名詞で同じ形です。
Examples:
I had to work late yesterday.
She had to cancel her trip.
We had to wait for over an hour.
They had to take a different bus.
未来形:
Will have to
単独の "have" に未来形はないので、"will" + "have to" を使います。未来形の "will have to" もすべての代名詞で同じ形です。
Examples:
I will have to start saving money.
You will have to practice more.
He will have to talk to his manager.
We will have to make a decision soon.
広告
否定形:
Don’t have to / Doesn’t have to
"Don’t have to" は「必要ない」や「任意である」という意味です。
Examples:
I don’t have to work tomorrow.
She doesn’t have to come if she’s tired.
We don’t have to wear uniforms here.
重要なお知らせ：
"You don't have to" does NOT mean the same as "you must not." Stay tuned for the next blog post to learn more about "have to" vs. "must."
"have to" を使った疑問文の作り方
疑問文では "do", "does", または "did" を付けます。
Examples:
Do you have to work this weekend?
Does he have to drive to work every day?
Did they have to pay extra? (Past tense)
活用のコツ：
I / You / We / They → "do" in present tense
He / She / It → "does" in present tense
"Did" is used for all pronouns in the past tense
"have to" を覚えるためのコツ
"Have to" = 生活、仕事、ルールから生じる責任。
次の質問を自分にしてみてください:
選択肢はありますか？もし選択肢がないなら、"have to" を使いましょう。
その状況は必須、強制、または必要に感じますか？もしそうなら、"have to" を使いましょう。
広告
ミニクイズ
最適な答えを選んでください。
Yesterday, I ___ work late.
a) have to
b) had to
c) will have to
She ___ wake up early on Mondays.
a) has to
b) have to
c) had to
We ___ bring food. It was optional.
a) don’t have to
b) must not
c) didn’t have to
___ you have to wear a uniform at your job?
a) Do
b) Does
c) Did
Next year, they ___ move to a new office.
a) had to
b) have to
c) will have to
回答
b
a
c
a
c
原文（英語）：Thomas。翻訳：AIによる。
